page numbers.

In-text references should include page number details (if available) if you are paraphrasing or quoting. Page numbers are not required if referencing an entire work, e.g. (Milligan 1985). Use p. when citing from a single page, e.g. (Fardipour et al. 2020, p. 107) and pp. for a range of consecutive pages, e.g. (Dawkins 2012, pp. 15-16). If an article has an article number, then p. or pp. cannot be used. In that instance, use the article number, a hyphen and the page number that you are citing from, e.g. (Jayawardena et al. 2017, e2600-6) if you are citing from page 6 of Jayawardena et al.’s 2017 article with the article number e2600. Additional details such as volume numbers should only be used when necessary to avoid confusion with other volumes of the same series by an author. If page numbers are not provided and the information resource is not an article with article number, then use author's name and year of publication.